Target Audience- Guardian

- Traditionally, The Guardian focuses its attention towards a left-wing and middle class audience (any age above 18). The Guardian does well at including most cultures and ethnicities in its content/audience.

The Guardian is renowned for providing factual content and prompt updates (especially online) throughout its articles. As the target audience leans towards left-wing, the Guardian is mostly Objective (articles are not opinionated). However it does still provide an 'opinions' section in the paper.

- Since 2013, the number of visitors to 'The Guardian Online' has decreased from an average of 10,049 (2013) to 7,060 (2017)

The online mail viewing statistics for 2018: Female = 51%  /  Male = 49%

Newspaper Essay

Print sales have declined for a number of reasons. The main reason is the rise in technology and where all newspapers are now accessible; the internet. With the sudden rise in technology and the internet, majority of newspaper companies such as The Guardian and Daily Mail have posted all their daily papers on their sites along with the front page being posted on the BBC site. This makes all newspapers easier to access and also more available, whilst being convenient to the public. All readers can now access them whenever they want without having to go out and pay for the papers, and instead, just look it up on the internet, assuming they have an internet connection or signal. Although it is cheaper for yourself to access the papers as you don’t have to actually purchase each daily paper, all paper companies ask for readers to subscribe to their paper in order for them to survive. This could also give their subscribers various perks that a casual reader wouldn’t gain.

Using the internet as your newspaper source is a positive. This is because all readers can comment on various articles and have conversations with other readers online to gain more opinions on the specific article. Although this can occasionally can start arguments on different opinions, people do find this very useful and informative to understand the full picture. However, using the internet to access your daily news does have its negatives. These negatives include requiring an internet connection in order to access your favourite papers, losing stories due to more recent stories overwriting them, more information is given by print newspapers and may also give physical eye strain. The biggest negative for the rise in online newspapers is that the biggest age for reading newspapers is the elderly, average of 65. Due to the elderly not well advanced with technology, they still prefer reading physical print newspapers compared to our online copies. But because the amount of print papers decreasing by the year, elderly cannot read their beloved newspapers. So, all newspaper companies are slowly losing their audience due to this change.

Citizen Journalism (the collection, dissemination, and analysis of news and information by the general public, especially by means of the Internet) has made the mass media affect the traditional way for reporting and understanding news because of the audience reacting different to stories. For example, when there was a violent outbreak in Turkey during 2013, news stories over the internet had an outbreak over the comment and reported making fun and lying over the stories told. This brought controversy over whether or not information given by the general public was necessary because of these sensitive areas being derided.

A ccording to studies, The Daily Mail had a decrease of 55% of print papers sold during 2000 since 1960. In comparison, online newspapers, which were first introduced in 2000, have been preferred by 55% of the public, that stated they prefer reading the daily news online rather than a print.

Who Owns the Newspapers

Who Owns the Newspapers

Sun	popular tabloid	News International Newspapers Ltd	1,602,320 (3.273m)
Daily Mirror	popular tabloid	Trinity Mirror*	692,295 (1.720)
The Daily Telegraph	quality broadsheet	Telegraph Group Ltd	460,585 (907,329)
The Times	quality compact	News International Newspapers Ltd	440,736 (679,190)
Daily Star	popular tabloid	Express Newspapers Ltd (Northern & Shell)	436,963 (854,480)
Daily Express	popular tabloid	Express Newspapers Ltd (Northern & Shell)	386,720 (948,375)
City AM	quality compact	City AM Ltd	91,065 (2005 launch)
The Financial Times**	quality broadsheet	Financial Times Ltd (Nikkei)	190,046 (419,386)
Independent (online only 2016)	quality compact	Independent Print Ltd	n/a (263,595)
New Day	tabloid 'cheapsheet'	Trinity Mirror	2016 launch and closure

1.   In the Executive Summary, looking at paragraphs 4 and 5 the overview identifies that: ‘today’s aggregate advertising expenditure and net circulation figures equate to about half of their 2007 value.’ Bullet point why you think this is the case.

2.   On page 7, the market structure is analysed using data provided by the ABC. Who are the ABC and why is their data collection so important for newspaper owners and advertisers?

3.   On pages  17-18, paragraph 2.14 the overview identifies the circulation figures of Sunday newspapers. Thinking about your set products and audience consumption, why do you think Sunday newspapers have traditionally sold more copies that their daily counterparts?

4.   What are the leading broadsheet, tabloid and mid-market tabloids in terms of circulation? What are their daily circulation figures?

5.   Think about The Guardian and the Daily Mail - describe their position in the marketplace.

6.   The Guardian is ‘owned by the Scott Trust, a private company whose core purpose is ‘to ensure the financial and editorial independence of The Guardian.’ How can this be linked with the news values of the newspaper? Summarise the folllowing links:

https://www.theguardian.com/global/blog/2015/sep/22/living-our-values-facts-guardian

https://www.theguardian.com/guardian/article/0,5814,642387,00.html

7.   In terms of digital distribution, what do you think has been more important to the brand identity of national newspapers, the online website or App mobile platforms? Why/How?

8.   A lack of ‘trust’ in newspapers is identified. Why do you think this is? https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/survey-finds-that-uk-written-press-is-by-some-way-the-least-trusted-in-europe/

9.   Who is the offline and online regulator of the newspaper industry and how effective do you think they are in ‘policing’ the industry? (this was one of your assessment questions!)

10.                Look at the following timeline. What’s happened to advertising revenues, why are they important? What other ways have the newspapers industries found to survive? Give examples

Boyz in The Hood

BOYZ N THE HOOD:

C: The costumes in this video characterise the actors, it is a way of expressing themselves as they choose what they wear to school. There is a contrast between the two main boys, as one is wearing a tracksuit and a hat - who also speaks rudely and is extremely cocky - and the other is wearing a shirt beneath a jumper - who seems polite and understanding. The two girls in the back dress and seem roughly similar, so there is no dramatic contrast there. The teacher dresses stereo typically - smartly and presentable. In addition the mother also wears a smart purple dress, this juxtaposes to what the teacher thinks, as she boldly asks if she's educated. 
L: The lighting is rather dark and dimming when referring to the streets; due to representing the harshness of reality in this town. In addition the killings, shootings and racial tension sets a dramatically cold atmosphere. The buildings appear dull and old, with only graffiti splashing a slight of colour onto the walls. 
A: The main actors are all black, which shows - through this film - the struggles of their life to the audience. This makes it much more personal and effective. There is a divide between the white and black characters, for example the teacher is not only rude to the child but his mother too, the killing of the white president, and there is a huge amount of disrespect. More importantly, despite there only being 6 characters, this film represents all the other black Americans -   "one out of every twenty-one black Americans will be murdered in their lifetime." 
M:
P: Despite not seeing any physical gun in action or in sight, the importance of the weapon is extremely serious - the whole clip is based on the shootings. 
One of the main boys uses a map to explain their attribute to Africa, identifying where they came from, however the other main boy disagreed - its almost like he was ashamed...  

M: Music doesn't seem to appear within this clip, however many sound effects are added to create suspense and build the tension. Moreover it captivates the attention of the audience, focusing them on the main features. Especially in the beginning when a helicopter noise fades in the background and suddenly a sharp bang appears whilst a quick transition of a 'stop' sign shows. This abrupt moment gives a sense of realization or instructions - things need to stop. Additionally, another sign appears 'one way'; the sound of a chime acts as another sound effect in the background. This contrasts to the usual violent sounds that have been applied before. This also sounds like a type of discovery or solution. 
C: The sound effects are parallel to this certain video. 
D: There is many diegetic sounds, such as the dogs barking, the ruffle of the rubbish, the weather, beeping cars and the actors' voices. However there is also non diegetic sounds, for example whilst the camera focuses on a close up of the president - each shot getting closer and closer to his face -  a 'bang' effect performs each time. Not only emphasising the multiple times he got shot but the reality of the dangerous aspects happening in the street where the kids live. 
O: At the beginning (whilst advertising the industry) there is many off screen voices, which are mostly in a violent and aggressive tone, such as the screaming and shouting. Additionally the screeching police sirens, firing bullets and the echoed police radio sets the scene to the audience, they immediately understand that the theme of violence and anger will occur. Moreover a child cries " they shot my friend, they shot my brother". This voice imagery generates sympathy and sorrow - why should a child have to go through this?  During the off screen voices, two facts appear on screen: "one out of every twenty-one black Americans will be murdered in their lifetime" and "most will die at the hands of another black male." Moreover, when the clip displays the several drawings (sketched by a child) a woman speaks off screen, who - too - mentions death and killings. 
V: There isn't any voice overs within this clip.
E: Despite there not being any physical music during this video, the off screen noises and sound effects create emotion for itself. The sense of fear and trouble is constantly emphasised and the theme of killings and shootings create an emotion of  uncertainty 
D: The dialogue between the actors appear to be very slang and expressive. For example one of the main characters stuck his middle finger up at the president, this body language creates a sense of racial tension and violence. Moreover, the swearing and fighting that happens in class also portrays this certain expressiveness; the kids also seem out of control. Moments after, the teacher rings the boy's mother, asking rude and discourteous questions. This dialogue is important due to the racial tension and the attribute of unfairness. These could be all the issues that needs to be resolved.  

S: The screen time is quite quick, viewing roughly 8 hours in 5 minutes. 
T: There are alternating transitions, some sudden - for example in the beginning of the video, the scene aggressively and unexpectedly changes to the 'stop' sign - and some smooth - such as the soft and blended shifts to show the diverse drawings. Furthermore this constructs an awareness of empathy towards the children, as normal young kids would possibly draw family pictures or animals etc, where as these specific children draw dead bodies, police cars and helicopters; due to that being a part of their daily life. 
O: The day is in order, as it displays the children's day at school, from morning to evening. 
P: The pace is quite steady - not too quick but not too slow.
S: There isn't any special effects in this video except from sound, which i have previously mentioned. 

Broadsheet and Tabloid

Broadsheet:

Large amounts of text. (paragraphs)

One main story

Less Colourful (and pictures)

More formal

More Focus on one story

Traditional fonts (small and simple)

Tabloid:

Multiple stories

More pictures, less writing

Less organisation (layout is less formal)

More Celebrity focused

More Wordplay (puns)

Fonts are big and bold

The Papers Comparison

Stereotypes- Class